Plant propagation

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Plant propagation.

Plant propagation is the way in which crops are grown.

Methods of plant propagation

  • Seed propagation
  • Vegetative propagation

Seed propagation

Most flowering plants are propagation by means of seeds

Methods of seed propagation

  1. Broadcasting method
  2. Raw planting method

Broadcasting / casting method

Broad casting is the putting o\f seeds in a soil while scattering them

Advantages of broadcasting method

  1. Broadcasting saves time
  2. Broadcasting does not need a lot of labour
  3. Broadcasting does not waste the nutrient in the soil

Disadvantages of broadcasting method

  1. Broadcasting method makes weeding difficult
  2. Broadcasting makes harvesting difficult
  3. Broadcasting can easily spread or multiply
  4. Diseases can easily spread

Illustration of broadcasting method

sowing

Examples of plants by broadcasting

  1. Millet
  2. Sorghum
  3. Sim-sim
  4. Rice
  5. Cow-peas

Raw planting method

Row planting is when plant materials are put in the soil in lines

Advantages of raw planting

  1. Row planting makes weeding easy
  2. Row planting is makes harvesting easy
  3. Row planting controls the easy spread of pest and disease
  4. Row planting avoids wastage of seeds and other plants materials
  5. Row planting allow proper spacing of crops

Disadvantages of raw planting

  1. Row planting needs a lot of labour
  2. Row planting is time consuming
  3. Row planting is expensive
  4. Row planting is tiresome

Examples of plants planted by raw planting

  1. Maize
  2. Cassava
  3. Beans
  4. Pineapples
  5. Potatoes
  6. Cabbages
  7. Sukuma wiki
Illustration of raw planting
raw planting 1

Vegetative propagation

Vegetative propagation is a sexual reproductive in which another part of the plant other than seed is used to grow a new plant

Vegetative propagation is the growing of a new plant without using a seed

Methods of vegetative propagation

  • Natural vegetative propagation
  • Artificial vegetative propagation

Natural vegetative propagation

Propagation from suckers

A sucker grows from the base of the stem of a parent with a terminal bud

Each sucker is able to grow into a new plant

  1. Examples of plants propagated by sucker
  2. Bananas
  3. Pineapple
  4. Sisal

A sucker is removed from a parent plant

Adventitious roots removed

  • Bulbs
  • A bulb has a short underground stem
  • A bulb outer leaves are scaly and dry
  • The scaly leaves protect the inner fleshy leaves
  • The fleshy leaves stored food

Ways of propagating bulbs

  • By using seeds
  • By using lateral buds which develops from the stem
Structure of bulbs
bulb

Propagation from leaves

  • The leaves of some plants develops buds and adventurous roots at the edges or its margins
  • The buds drop on the ground and continue to grow
  • They can be transplanted if need arises

Diagram

propagation from roots
Propagation from tubers

A tuber is a swollen stem with stored food

Example of stem tuber

  1. White yam
  2. Iris potato

Structure of an Irish tuber

coloring page parts plant morphology structure potato tuber coloring page parts plant morphology structure 160578367

Artificial vegetative propagation

By stem cutting

It involves use of stem cuttings to develop a new plant

Examples of plants propagated by stem cutting

  1. Sugar cane
  2. Cassava
  3. Hibiscus
  4. Irish potato
  5. Sweet potatoes

Illustration of cassava stem cutting

image 3

Propagation by layering

In layering, a branch is bent to the soil but remains attached ti the parent plant

A slit is made on the node and the covered on the ground with soil

Adventurous roots grows on the cut node

It is then cut off from the parent plant and planted in another place.

Illustration of layering.

simple layering